Key
Embedded Clauses, Relative Clauses, and Nominalized Clauses are italicized.
Motion Particle Phrases are bolded.
Linda Poboto
Interlinear
Ŋasaras linda pobotoza zisirinohe.
ŋasaras linda pobotoza zisirinohe
{ ŋa=sara=s} { li=nda} { poboto=za} { zisiri=no=hi}
{ 2PL=ear=LOC} { 1SG=SRC} { sickness=PATH} { news=COME=POT}
You may have heard news of my sickness.
Ŋono poto liŋi, yatayatavadu lira.
ŋono poto liŋi yatayatavadu lira
{ ŋono} { poto} { li=ŋi} { yatayatava=du} { li=ra}
{ more} { sick} { 1SG=MOVE} { death=GOAL} { 1SG=GO}
I was very sick, almost to death.
Poto liŋiye, muros dahidahi liŋi, morono.
poto liŋiye muros dahidahi liŋi morono
{ poto} { li=ŋi=yi} { muru=s} { dahidahi} { li=ŋi} { moro=no}
{ sick} { 1SG=MOVE=CONT} { mat=LOC} { lying.down} { 1SG=MOVE} { dream=COME}
While I was sick, I lay on the mat, and a dream came.
Moronen muros dahidahi liŋiye, uri erenano.
moronen muros dahidahi liŋiye uri erenano
{ moro=nen} { muru=s} { dahidahi} { li=ŋi=yi} { uri} { eri-na=no}
{ dream=COM} { mat=LOC} { lying.down} { 1SG=MOVE=CONT} { wind} { spirit-PL=COME}
With the dream, while I was lying on the mat, the wind spirits came.
Liyeza naka, liyenen yiri buros nara.
liyeza naka liyenen yiri buros nara
{ liye=za} { na=ka} { liye=nen} { yiri} { buru=s} { na=ra}
{ 1SG=PATH} { 3PL.RA=TOUCH} { 1SG=COM} { dry.wash} { mouth=LOC} { 3PL.RA=GO}
They grabbed me and took me to the mouth of a dry wash.
Koyo erenaya yiri erenanen yereme.
koyo erenaya yiri erenanen yereme
{ koyo} { eri-na=ya} { yiri} { eri-na=nen} { yere=me}
{ this} { spirit-PL=CAUS} { dry.wash} { spirit-PL=COM} { game=INTO}
These spirits play with the dry wash spirits.
Erenaya keruvelime.
erenaya keruvelime
{ spirit-PL=CAUS} { dust.devil=INTO}
The dry wash spirits create dust devils.
Naya ŋarunos ŋono pezes ebeno, naya ŋarunos yozos tileya ŋarahidu hape aŋaka.
naya ŋarunos ŋono pezes ebeno naya ŋarunos yozos tileya ŋarahidu hape aŋaka
{ na=ya} { ŋa=runu=s} { ŋono} { pezi=s} { ebe=no} { na=ya} { ŋa=runu=s} { =} { } { ===du} { ha=pe} { aŋaka}
{ 3PL.RA=CAUS} { 2PL=eye=LOC} { more} { away=LOC} { pool=COME} { 3PL.RA=CAUS} { 2PL=eye=LOC} { =} { } { ===GOAL} { 3SG.IN=FAIL} { and.then}
They make a distant pool of water appear to you and then before you can go there they make it fail to appear.
Naya kureza kideza liye ira.
naya kureza kideza liye ira
{ na=ya} { kuri=za} { kidi=za} { liye} { i=ra}
{ 3PL.RA=CAUS} { thorn=PATH} { rock=PATH} { 1SG} { 3SG.AN=GO}
They took me across thorns and rocks.
Liye tene satas dimidimi eka.
liye tene satas dimidimi eka
{ liye} { tene} { sata=s} { dimidimi} { e=ka}
{ 1SG} { all} { body=LOC} { with.force} { 3PL.IN=TOUCH}
They (the thorns and rocks) hit all of my body.
Liye tene satas piŋino, govogovo bavasano.
liye tene satas piŋino govogovo bavasano
{ liye} { tene} { sata=s} { piŋi=no} { govogovo} { bavasa=no}
{ 1SG} { all} { body=LOC} { pain=COME} { all.kinds} { badness=COME}
I felt pain on all of my body and all kinds of bad.
Liya nadu evi, “Ŋaŋitohi.
liya nadu evi ŋaŋitohi
{ li=ya} { na=du} { e=vi} { ŋa=ŋi=to=hi}
{ 1SG=CAUS} { 3PL.RA=GOAL} { 3PL.IN=OUT} { 2PL=MOVE=STOP=POT}
I said to them, “You could stop.
Our narrator is being polite and using indirect or polite commands here and in the following sentences.
Govogovo koyonen ŋaŋitohi.
govogovo koyonen ŋaŋitohi
{ govogovo} { koyo=nen} { ŋa=ŋi=to=hi}
{ all.kinds} { this=COM} { 2PL=MOVE=STOP=POT}
You could stop doing all these kinds of things.
Lidu gehevanen ŋaŋinahi.”
lidu gehevanen ŋaŋinahi
{ li=du} { geheva=nen} { ŋa=ŋi=na=hi}
{ 1SG=GOAL} { goodness=COM} { 2PL=MOVE=START=POT}
You could start to be good to me.”
Linda sorodo erena sarape baŋibaŋi.
linda sorodo erena sarape baŋibaŋi
{ li=nda} { soro=du} { eri-na} { sara=pe} { baŋibaŋi}
{ 1SG=SRC} { word=GOAL} { spirit-PL} { ear=FAIL} { unexpectedly}
But the spirits did not listen to my words.
Lirunos linda besarino aŋaka.
lirunos linda besarino aŋaka
{ li=runu=s} { li=nda} { besari=no} { aŋaka}
{ 1SG=eye=LOC} { 1SG=SRC} { great.uncle=COME} { and.then}
And then I saw my uncle.
Linda tili arenda tili bese saŋi.
linda tili arenda tili bese saŋi
{ li=nda} { tili} { ari=nda} { tili} { bese} { sa=ŋi}
{ 1SG=SRC} { past} { grandmother=SRC} { past} { uncle} { 3SG.RA=MOVE}
He was my late grandmother’s uncle.
Lidu luguradu sano.
lidu luguradu sano
{ =} { ==GOAL} { 3SG.RA=COME}
He came to help me.
Erenaza saka, liyenen yeremeto.
erenaza saka liyenen yeremeto
{ eri-na=za} { sa=ka} { liye=nen} { yere=me=to}
{ spirit-PL=PATH} { 3SG.RA=TOUCH} { 1SG=COM} { game=INTO=STOP}
He grabbed the spirits and the game with me stopped.
Saya nadu evi, “Linda laki koyo yeleŋe.
saya nadu evi linda laki koyo yeleŋe
{ sa=ya} { na=du} { e=vi} { li=nda} { laki} { koyo} { yele=ŋi}
{ 3SG.RA=CAUS} { 3PL.RA=GOAL} { 3PL.IN=OUT} { 1SG=SRC} { daughter} { this} { person=MOVE}
He said to them, “This person is my daughter.
Samas dimidimi yakato!
samas dimidimi yakato
{ sama=s} { dimidimi} { ya=ka=to}
{ 3SG.RA=LOC} { with.force} { 3PL.AN=TOUCH=STOP}
Stop hitting her!
Uncle does not use indirect, polite commands. He is direct, using the non-rational animate pronouns to convey an imperative.
Sadu gehevanen yaŋi!”
Be good to her!”
Liyes erena dimidimi nakato aŋaka.
liyes erena dimidimi nakato aŋaka
{ liye=s} { eri-na} { dimidimi} { na=ka=to} { aŋaka}
{ 1SG=LOC} { spirit-PL} { with.force} { 3PL.RA=TOUCH=STOP} { and.then}
And then the spirits stopped hitting me.
Saya evi, “Ŋaya kere ebes linda laki ira.”
saya evi ŋaya kere ebes linda laki ira
{ sa=ya} { e=vi} { ŋa=ya} { kere} { ebe=s} { li=nda} { laki} { i=ra}
{ 3SG.RA=CAUS} { 3PL.IN=OUT} { 2PL=CAUS} { sacred} { pool=LOC} { 1SG=SRC} { daughter} { 3SG.AN=GO}
He said, “Take my daughter to the sacred pool.”
Naya kere ebes liye ira.
naya kere ebes liye ira
{ na=ya} { kere} { ebe=s} { liye} { i=ra}
{ 3PL.RA=CAUS} { sacred} { pool=LOC} { 1SG} { 3SG.AN=GO}
They took me to the sacred pool.
Naya liye tene satanda pezes garanen piŋera.
naya liye tene satanda pezes garanen piŋera
{ na=ya} { liye} { tene} { sata=nda} { pezi=s} { gara=nen} { piŋi=ra}
{ 3PL.RA=CAUS} { 1SG} { all} { body=SRC} { away=LOC} { water=COM} { pain=GO}
They washed the pain from all of my body.
Yozonda erenara, naya zosos yereme.
yozonda erenara naya zosos yereme
{ yozo=nda} { eri-na=ra} { na=ya} { zoso=s} { yere=me}
{ there=SRC} { spirit-PL=GO} { 3PL.RA=CAUS} { somewhere=LOC} { game=INTO}
The spirits went from there and played elsewhere.
Besariya marodo tonos liye ira.
besariya marodo tonos liye ira
{ besari=ya} { mara=du} { tono=s} { liye} { i=ra}
{ great.uncle=CAUS} { home=GOAL} { path=LOC} { 1SG} { 3SG.AN=GO}
Uncle set me on the road to home.
Maras lira, muros dahidahi liŋi, lidurunulona.
maras lira muros dahidahi liŋi lidurunulona
{ mara=s} { li=ra} { muru=s} { dahidahi} { li=ŋi} { li=durunu=lo=na}
{ home=LOC} { 1SG=GO} { mat=LOC} { lying.down} { 1SG=MOVE} { 1SG=eye.DU=UP=START}
I went home, I lay down on the mat, and my eyes opened.
Pobotonen rehela lipena.
pobotonen rehela lipena
{ poboto=nen} { rehela} { li=pe=na}
{ sickness=COM} { after} { 1SG=FAIL=START}
I began to not be sick afterwards.
Or, I begin to fail to be with sickness afterwards.